Causes of Speech Delay in Children

Causes of Speech Delay in Children

Preliminary

Speech and language disorders are one of the causes of developmental disorders are most often found in children. Speech delay is the main complaint that is often feared and parents complained to the doctor. This disorder is increasing more rapidly today. Some reports suggest the incidence of speech and language disorders range from 5-10% in school children.

Causes of Speech Delay in Children

The cause of speech delay is vast and many, these disorders have mild to severe, from which can be improved up to a difficult to improve. Functional speech delay is a cause that is often experienced by some children. Speech delay in this group are usually mild and only a function of the immaturity of speech in children. At a certain age, especially after the age of 2 years will get better. When speech delay is not due to the functional processes haruis more aware of the disorder because it is not something light.

Causes of Speech Delay in Children

The earlier detection of delays in speech, the better the chances of recovery of the disorder. When speech delay is nonfunctional it must be quickly performed stimulation and intervention can be performed on the child. Early detection of speech delay should be made by all individuals involved in handling these children. This early detection of activities involving parents, family, the treating obstetrician and pediatrician from the pregnancy that the child care. So that in the early detection should be able to recognize whether delays in speaking of our children is something that is functional or nonfunctional.

Causes of Speech Delay

Causes of speech and language disorders are many and wide, all distractions from the process of hearing, the successor of impulses to the brain, brain, muscle or organ sound maker.

As for some of the causes of speech delay or disorder is hearing loss, speech organ abnormalities, mental retardation, genetic or chromosomal disorders, autism, selective mutism, functional delay, receptive aphasia and environmental deprivation.

Environmental deprivation consists of quiet environment, social economic status, false teaching techniques, parental attitudes. Speech disorders in children can be caused by organic disorder that interferes with multiple body systems such as the brain, hearing and other motor functions.

Several studies have shown the causes of speech disorders is a disturbance of the dominant hemisphere. These deviations are usually referring to the left hemisphere. Some children were also found irregularities right hemisphere, the corpus callosum and auditory trajectories that are interconnected. Other things can also be caused because your body organ such as the outside environment lacking sufficient stimulation or the use of two languages. If the cause is due to environmental delays usually are not too heavy.

There are three causes of speech delay most of them are mental retardation, hearing loss and delay maturation. Delay in maturation is often called functional speech delay.

Functional Speech Delays

Functional speech delay is a cause that quite often experienced by some children. Speech delay is often also termed delayed functional maturation or delayed language development. Classes of speech delay is due to delay maturity (maturity) of the central nervous processes required to produce speech in children. This disorder is often experienced by men and often artifacts on family history of speech delay. Usually this is a mild speech delay and the prognosis is good. Generally speaking ability will look better after entering the age of 2 years. There are studies that report patients with speech delay is the time of entry age normal school like other children.

In these circumstances usually receptive function very well and the ability of visuo-motor problem solving in normal children. Child experienced only mild developmental disorders in expressive function: Another characteristic is the child showed no neurological abnormalities, hearing loss, impairment of intelligence and other psychological disorders.

Functional speech delay in children is often experienced by patients who experience allergic disorders, especially atopic dermatitis and gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal disorders are recurrent symptoms such as meteorismus, flatulence, vomiting, constipation, diarrhea or dysentery. Lead tounge geographic tongue looks, drooling (sialore) or halitosis. Often accompanied by sleep disturbances at night, often with marked anxiety, back, back, delirious, laughing, crying in his sleep, night waking, brushing and so on.

How To Distinguish Different Speech Delay

By considering the function of receptive, expressive, problem-solving abilities and patterns of visuo-motor developmental delay, can be expected to cause difficulty speaking.

Table 1. The differential diagnosis of multiple causes of delay in language and speech

Diagnosis

Receptive language

Expressive language

Problem-solving capabilities visuo-motor

Pattern of development

Functional delay

normal

Less normal

Normal

Only impaired expressive

Hearing loss

Less normal

Less normal

normal

Dissociation

Mental Redartasi

Less normal

Less normal

Less normal

Global delay

The central communication disorders

Less normal

Less normal

normal

Dissociation, deviansi

Learning difficulties

normal,

less normal

Normal

normal,

less normal

Dissociation

Autism

Less normal

normal,

less normal

Apparently normal, normal, always better than a language

Deviansi, dissociation

Elective mutism

normal

Normal

normal,

less normal

Common symptom is the presence of nonfunctional speech delay receptive language disorder, impaired problem solving abilities and visuo-motor developmental delay,

Speech delay is suspected nonfunctional when accompanied by neurological abnormalities such as congenital or acquired dysmorphic face, short stature, microcephaly, makrosefali, brain tumor, general paralysis, brain infections, ear anatomical disorders, eye disorders, cerebral palsy and other neurological disorders.

Another hallmark of nonfunctional speech delays often include severe delays. Delay is said to weight when the baby does not want to smile socially to 10 weeks or no sound in answer to the age of 3 months. Another sign there is no concern about until the age of 8 months, not to speak until the age of 15 months or did not say 3-4 words until the age of 20 months

Table 2. Clinical presentation speech delays often associated with speech delay nonfunctional

4-6 MONTHS

* Not imitating sound issued his parents;

* At the age of 6 months have not been laughing or chattering

8-10 MONTHS

* Ages 8 months does not make a sound that attracts attention;

* Age 10 months, not to react when called his name;

* 9-10 months, showed no emotion such as laughing or crying

12-15 MONTHS

* 12 months, has not shown any expression;

* 12 months, have not been able to make a sound;

* 12 months, showed no effort to communicate when needed anything;

* 15 months, have not been able to understand the meaning of "must not" or "bye";

* 15 months, did not show different expression 6;

* 15 months, have not been able to say 1-3 words;

18-24 MONTHS

* 18 months, have not been able to menucapkan 6-10 words; not show it to something that attracts attention;

* 18-20 months, can not look into the eyes of others well

* 21 months, have not been able to follow simple commands;

* 24 months, have not been able to string two words into a sentence;

* 24 months, did not understand the function of household items such as toothbrushes and telephones;

* 24 months, have not been able to mimic the behavior or words of others;

* 24 months, shows a member of his body could not when asked

30-36 MONTHS

* 30 months, can not be understood by family members;

* 36 months, do not use simple sentences, questions and can not be understood by someone other than family members;

3-4 YEARS

* 3 years, did not utter a sentence, do not understand the verbal commands and had no interest in playing with each other;

* 3.5 years, unable to complete words like "father" is pronounced "aya";

* 4 years old, still stutters and can not be understood completely.

Management of functional speech delay

Management of functional speech delay usually does not require special handling. Delays in speaking of this class will usually improve after the age of 2 years. Although the cause is not due to lack of stimulation, but this situation requires more stimulation than normal children. More stimulation does not have to go through speech therapy by a therapist who require funding and time are not small. Although talk therapy is not harmful for children. In the normal child with no speech and language disorders also have to do speech and language stimulation from birth. Stimulation can also be done even in the womb. With the stimulation of early speech and language support is expected to more optimal child, so as to improve the quality of communication.

The management of non functional speech delay

In the nonfunctional speech delay should be done early stimulation and intervention specifically by professionals according to the cause. The earlier effort was made will enhance the successful handling of the speech delay. Disorders need to be nonfunctional delay in multi-disciplinary approach. Speech delay treatment performed in accordance with the medical approach to the causes of these disorders. Multiple disciplines involved was a pediatrician with an interest in child development, child neurology, gastroenterology children, child allergies, child psychologists, child psychiatrists, medical rehabilitation, as well as clinicians or other practitioners concerned.

Cover

Delay due to functional impairment or because of immaturity of speech function in children are common. These abnormalities baisanya harmless and will improve in a certain age. Parents should be able to distinguish with nonfunctional speech delay, because if done early intervention may improve prognosis ..

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